BLOOD THINNING MEDICATION’S PART 3: STATINS: WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW ARE THEY USED?

Over the past two weeks, I have described the blood thinning medications that vascular surgeons use to treat patients: Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet medications. This week, I want to spend time talking about another important medication that primary care physicians and vascular surgeons both agree helps to improve patient outcomes: Statins.

Statins refer to a general class of drugs that inhibit a special enzyme involved in the production of cholesterol within the body: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A, otherwise known as HMG-CoA.  HMG-CoA catalyzes the first reaction in a series of almost 30 individual reactions to create molecules of cholesterol!  As a vascular surgeon I sometimes prescribe Statins to my patients with high cholesterol to help my patients manage their cholesterol levels.

Cholesterol:

A high cholesterol level is one of the most common medical problems that patients I see have.  As a vascular surgeon it is important for me to understand when a patient has high cholesterol because of the following fact:

A high cholesterol level in the blood may result in a narrowing within the blood vessels of the heart, legs, and neck.  When these narrowing’s form they can cause heart attacks, ulcers and pain in the feet, and strokes, respectively.

In numerous clinical trials, the administration of statins has been shown to decrease the rate of death, heart attack, and stroke in patients at elevated risk of these medical problems due to high blood pressure, history of smoking, and diabetes.  The general group of statins includes medications like atorvastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin.

At every office visit, I check my patients’ medical history to make sure that their cholesterol levels are being properly managed to ensure the best possible outcomes. Typically, when a patient presents in my office with a history of the following medical conditions, I will often prescribe statins as part of a larger approach to managing their cardiovascular disease:

  • History of heart attack, peripheral vascular disease, or stroke
  • History of diabetes mellitus over the age of 45

Vascular disease is both complex and difficult to manage. At South Bay Vascular Center and Vein Institute our physicians have been specially trained to understand “WHY” a problem exists so that our patients have real solutions to living a healthy life. Proper medical and surgical management of our patient involves a deep understanding of our patient’s medical history of which statins may play an important part. If you are currently on a statin or your referring physician believes a statin may be part of a larger approach to your circulatory health, please feel free to schedule an appointment with our office so that we can help you to evaluate this important decision with the context of your overall vascular health. Moreover, if you have a history of ulcers or pain in your feet or stroke, please do not hesitate to call my office today to schedule a consultation to determine if statins can be prescribed as part of your overall care and treatment!

Dr. Ignatius H. Lau: Vascular Surgeon

Dr. Ignatius Lau grew up in Portland, Oregon. He attended the University of Washington in Seattle for college and Stony Brook University in Long Island for medical school. He then went on to train in vascular surgery at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. During his time in New York, he performed over 1600 cases involving aortic, peripheral, venous, and carotid surgery. He has a special interest in limb salvage and treating patients with peripheral arterial disease and has extensive training and experience in treating the full spectrum of vascular diseases. Dr Lau was also very active in medical research during his training, ultimately finishing with twelve peer reviewed manuscripts. During his training in New York he met his wife, Lisa, who is a practicing endodontist. Together they love to hike, try new restaurants, and travel.

To see what our patients are saying about us, follow the link below to read our reviews.

https://www.google.com/search?q=south+bay+vasculr&rlz=1C1CHBD_enUS878US878&oq=&aqs=chrome.0.69i59i450l8.2997409j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#lrd=0x808e34eecfbc0653:0xb9aa2de7f50ba6a5,1,,,

South Bay Vascular Center and Vein Institute is Silicon Valley’s largest and most trusted Vascular Surgery practice.  Serving South Bay communities for over 26 years, Dr Kokinos and her Colleague, Dr Ignatius Lau are the region’s foremost experts in advanced vascular care and provide innovative care for patients suffering from circulation relation problems. At South Bay Vascular Center and Vein Institute our job is to understand the “Why” so that you have real solutions to living a healthy life. Call us today at 408-376-3626 or visit our website at www.southbayvascular.com to learn about what makes us the most referred to vascular surgery clinic in Silicon Valley.

BLOOD THINNING MEDICATIONS PART 2: ANTIPLATELETS: PLAVIX AND ASPIRIN. WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW ARE THEY USED?

Last week I began a description of the medications that vascular surgeons use with a blog post on drugs used for anticoagulation.  This week, I want to describe a group of medications that also thin the blood, albeit through a different mechanism.  As discussed last week, the coagulation cascade works to turn the blood from a liquid to a solid.  A special group of cells in the blood mixed with red blood cells called platelets works simultaneously with the coagulation cascade to serve as the glue so to speak between clumps of red blood cells.  This bond that platelets facilitate with clotted blood helps clot to attach and build upon other collections of clot, thereby facilitating the control of bleeding that the clotting system was designed for.

Obviously, in the case of vascular surgery we often times want to prevent blood clotting from occurring.  The main agents we use are aspirin and plavix (clopidogrel).  In the early 2000s literature from interventional cardiology for minimally invasive heart procedures found that placing patients on aspirin and plavix together reduced the incidence of recurrent heart attacks as well as death.  This literature from cardiology has been extrapolated to the lower extremity circulation and allows the interventions we perform in the lower extremities to fix blood flow to stay open for a long period of time.  In addition to the use of aspirin and plavix for lower extremity arterial blockages, we also use it in patients who have had a stroke in order to help prevent them from having another stroke.

Aspirin is a low strength blood thinner that patients can take orally as an 81 mg tablet once a day.  In the body aspirin blocks a specific enzyme called cyclooxygenase.  When cyclooxygenase is inhibited, the enzyme cannot help to produce chemicals in the blood called prostaglandins.  Prostaglandins are normally responsible for creating an environment that stimulates the clotting of blood via complex but mild mechanisms.  Studies have shown generally that patients with cardiovascular disease have a lower incidence of death, stroke, and heart attack over time than patients who do not take aspirin.  In general, I tend to make sure that all my patients who have peripheral vascular disease take aspirin as a general preventative measure.

Plavix is a much higher strength blood thinner that binds directly to platelets and completely inhibits their function.  When used in concert with aspirin, the blood becomes thin enough to prevent the recurrent blockage of vessels that we have opened up.

Overall the large majority of my patients who receive procedures to fix blood flow to the foot are placed on aspirin and plavix.  If you think you might benefit from these medications or are in need of a procedure to fix the blood flow to your feet or brain, please do not hesitate to call my office to schedule an appointment!

 

South Bay Vascular Center and Vein Institute is Silicon Valley’s largest and most trusted Vascular Surgery practice.  Serving South Bay communities for over 26 years, Dr Kokinos and her Colleague, Dr Ignatius Lau are the region’s foremost experts in advanced vascular care and provide innovative care for patients suffering from circulation relation problems. At South Bay Vascular Center and Vein Institute our job is to understand the “Why” so that you have real solutions to living a healthy life. Call us today at 408-376-3626 or visit our website at www.southbayvascular.com to learn about what makes us the most referred to vascular surgery clinic in Silicon Valley.

CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW TO READ HOW OUR PATIENTS DESCRIBE THEIR EXPERIENCE AT SOUTH BAY VASCULAR.

https://www.google.com/search?q=south+bay+vascular+center&rlz=1C1GGRV_enUS748US759&oq=&aqs=chrome.0.69i59i450.91302019j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#lrd=0x808e34eecfbc0653:0xb9aa2de7f50ba6a5,1,,,

 

BLOOD THINNING MEDICATIONS PART 1: ANTICOAGULANTS: WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW ARE THEY USED?

Over the next few weeks, I want to discuss the medications that vascular surgeons may prescribe.  These medications include anticoagulants, antiplatelets, statins, and other miscellaneous agents.  This week I will discuss anticoagulants!

Anticoagulation refers to agents that STOP the clotting of blood.  The clotting of blood starts with what is known as the coagulation cascade.  The cascade refers to a series of consecutive events each involving special proteins that are needed to occur for blood to form a clot.  Different anticoagulants block specific parts of the cascade.  The main reason we usually see patients with anticoagulants are for hypercoagulable states, certain heart arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation, and deep vein thromboses otherwise known as blood clots.  Hypercoagulable states are specific genetically inherited disorders that result in the blood being more likely to clot.  Atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias can cause blood clots to form in the heart.

 

Anticoagulant agents are given to prevent the formation of clots in the heart that can then break off and go to the brain, hands, feet, kidneys, or any other part of the body and cause problems. 

 

Deep vein thrombosis or blood clots mandate the prescription of anticoagulant therapy to ensure that more blood clot does not form.

 

Anticoagulants can be broken up by many different classification schemes.  For the purposes of this blog, I will limit our discussion here to agents that are appropriate for the OUTPATIENT (Outside of the hospital) setting.  Please speak with you private physician to answer any additional questions you may have regarding Anticoagulation medication of feel free to reach out to me directions for more information on how anticoagulation is used. Anticoagulation agents that are used during hospitalization or in the IN-PATIENT setting in patients are outside the scope of this article.

 

Up until the 2010’s the mainstay of anticoagulation therapy was with a drug called warfarin (Trade name: Coumadin).  Warfarin, though effective, requires the weekly or biweekly measurement of a specific lab for the blood called the prothrombin time.  The active monitoring of the prothrombin time facilitates modulation of dosing to always allow for safe levels of effective therapeutic anticoagulation.  Since the beginning of the 21st century new agents have come to market that require only taking one or two pills a day.  They include Xarelto or Rivaroxaban and Eliquis or apixaban.

If you have a question about how your medications may be affecting your vascular disease, please do not hesitate to call and schedule an appointment today!

South Bay Vascular Center and Vein Institute is Silicon Valley’s largest and most trusted Vascular Surgery practice.  Serving South Bay communities for over 26 years, Dr Kokinos and her Colleague, Dr Ignatius Lau are the region’s foremost experts in advanced vascular care and provide innovative care for patients suffering from circulation relation problems. At South Bay Vascular Center and Vein Institute our job is to understand the “Why” so that you have real solutions to living a healthy life. Call us today at 408-376-3626 or visit our website at www.southbayvascular.com to learn about what makes us the most referred to vascular surgery clinic in Silicon Valley.